Personal care compositions

ABSTRACT

Described herein, are aqueous soluble tin phosphate complexes formed from a mixture comprising tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt. Also described are external personal care compositions comprising the complexes, and uses thereof.

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/273,315 filed Dec. 30, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

There have been many antiperspirants designed to help people reduce sweat. Examples of these can be found in U.S. Code of Regulation 21 C.F.R. §350. The majority of the active agents used in antiperspirants are aluminum and zirconium halide compounds and complexes and their derivatives. While these active agents are generally effective, there is still a need for alternative antiperspirant actives.

Tin (II) fluoride (also known as stannous fluoride) is soluble in water, however, it oxidizes to form insoluble precipitates of tin. In addition, tin can form insoluble compounds with phosphates. Thus, there is still a need for methods to stabilize tin (II) fluoride to make it effective in personal care products. Embodiments of the present invention are designed to meet these, and other, needs.

BRIEF SUMMARY

It has now been discovered that tin (II) fluoride forms an aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex upon mixture with a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP). In contrast, tin (II) chloride upon mixture with a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP), forms solid (Examples 8 and 9).

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that when the complex is contacted with proteins to simulate sweat, the aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex forms a white precipitate, which may be an appropriate occlusive active for wetness control because it forms plugs that can physically inhibit sweat from skin.

Provided is an aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex, e.g., formed from a mixture comprising tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., an alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP).

Also provided are external personal care compositions, e.g., antiperspirants and/or deodorants, comprising the aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex.

Further provided are antiperspirants and/or deodorants comprising the aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex that form a precipitate when contacted with sweat.

Further provided are external personal care compositions, e.g., antiperspirants and/or deodorants, comprising tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., an alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (ISPP), e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇), e.g., tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP), wherein the tin (II) fluoride and pyrophosphate salt form an aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex.

Further provided are methods of using the external personal care compositions, e.g., antiperspirants, to occlude pores and/or reduce sweat in a person in need thereof comprising applying the composition to the skin of the person.

Further provided are methods of making the aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex comprising combining tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., an alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP), in aqueous solution, e.g., at a molar ratio of at least 1P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1 Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 5P:1Sn, e.g., P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn; optionally isolating the complex thus formed as a solid.

Further provided are methods of making the external personal care compositions, e.g., antiperspirants, comprising admixing the aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex with a personal care carrier.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts Fourier transform infrared spectra.

FIG. 2 depicts Fourier transform infrared spectra.

FIGS. 3a, 3b, and 3c depict ³¹P NMR spectra of solutions with P:Sn molar ratios of 5 (FIG. 3a ), 2 (FIG. 3b ), and 1 (FIG. 3c ).

FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c depict ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectra of solutions with P:Sn molar ratios of 5 (FIG. 4a ), 2 (FIG. 4b ), and 1 (FIG. 4c ).

FIG. 5 is a Fourier transform infrared spectrum of SnF₂.

FIG. 6 depicts Raman spectra of water and solutions with P:Sn molar ratios of 1, 2, and 5 (from top to bottom: P:Sn molar ratio 5, P:Sn molar ratio 2, P:Sn molar ratio 1, and water).

FIG. 7 depicts a ³¹P NMR spectrum of a solution of TSPP.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.

As used throughout, ranges are used as shorthand for describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as the terminus of the range. In addition, all references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. In the event of a conflict in a definition in the present disclosure and that of a cited reference, the present disclosure controls.

Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and amounts expressed herein and elsewhere in the specification should be understood to refer to percentages by weight. The amounts given are based on the active weight of the material.

Provided is an aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex (Complex 1), e.g.,

-   -   1.1 Complex 1, wherein the complex is formed from a mixture         comprising tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., an         alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate or         tetrasodium pyrophosphate.     -   1.2 Complex 1 or 1.1, wherein the complex is formed from a         mixture comprising tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt,         e.g., an alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium         pyrophosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate, in an aqueous         solution.     -   1.3 Complex 1.2, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH from         5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6,         e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g., 8-9, e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11.         Complex 1.2, wherein the pyrophosphate salt is tetrapotassium         pyrophosphate and the aqueous solution has a pH from 5-11, e.g.,         5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8,         e.g., 6-7, e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11. Complex 1.2, wherein the         pyrophosphate salt is tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the aqueous         solution has a pH from 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6,         e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g., 8-9.     -   1.4 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex is         formed from a mixture comprising the tin (II) fluoride and         pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of at least 1P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 15P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 10P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn         to 2P:1Sn. e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g.,         10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   1.5 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex is         formed from a mixture comprising the tin (II) fluoride and         pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 10P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g.,         2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   1.6 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex is         formed from a mixture comprising 1-10 weight % tin (II) fluoride         by weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride         by weight of the mixture, e.g., 2 weight % tin (II) fluoride by         weight of the mixture, and 1-40 weight % pyrophosphate salt by         weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-30 weight % pyrophosphate salt by         weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-20 weight % pyrophosphate salt by         weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-10 weight % pyrophosphate salt by         weight of the mixture.     -   1.7 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex is         formed from a mixture comprising tin (II) fluoride and         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP).     -   1.8 Complex 1.7, wherein the complex is formed from a mixture         comprising tin (II) fluoride and tetrapotassium pyrophosphate         (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) in a molar ratio of at least 1P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 15P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 10P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn         to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g.,         10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   1.9 Complex 1.7 or 1.8, wherein the complex is formed from a         mixture comprising 1-10 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of         the mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of         the mixture, e.g., 2 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the         mixture, and 1-40 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by         weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-30 weight % tetrapotassium         pyrophosphate by weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-20 weight %         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the mixture, e.g.,         1-10 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the         mixture.     -   1.10 Any of Complex 1 or 1.1-1.6, wherein the complex is formed         from a mixture comprising tin (II) fluoride and tetrasodium         pyrophosphate.     -   1.11 Complex 1.10, wherein the complex is formed from a mixture         comprising tin (II) fluoride and tetrasodium pyrophosphate in a         molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn,         e.g., 5P:1Sn.     -   1.12 Complex 1.10 or 1.11, wherein the complex is formed from a         mixture comprising 1-10 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of         the mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of         the mixture, e.g., 2 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the         mixture, and 1-30 weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight         of the mixture, e.g., 1-20 weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by         weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-10 weight % tetrasodium         pyrophosphate by weight of the mixture.     -   1.13 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum substantially as         shown in the Sn-TSPP spectrum in FIG. 1.     -   1.14 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum substantially as         shown in the Sn-TSPP spectrum in FIG. 2.     -   1.15 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum comprising one or         more peaks selected from the group consisting of: 1181 cm⁻¹,         1013 cm⁻¹, 915 cm⁻¹, and 739 cm⁻¹.     -   1.16 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum comprising one or         more peaks selected from the group consisting of: 3401 cm⁻¹,         1642 cm⁻¹, 1181 cm⁻¹, 1013 cm⁻¹, 915 cm⁻¹, and 739 cm⁻¹.     -   1.17 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum comprising the         following peaks: 1181 cm⁻¹, 1013 cm⁻¹, 915 cm⁻¹, and 739 cm⁻¹.     -   1.18 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum comprising the         following peaks: 3401 cm⁻¹, 1642 cm⁻¹, 1181 cm⁻¹, 1013 cm⁻¹, 915         cm⁻¹, and 739 cm⁻¹.     -   1.19 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum comprising one or         more peaks selected from the group consisting of: 1101 cm⁻¹,         1081 cm⁻¹, 979 cm⁻¹, 722 cm⁻¹, 546 cm⁻¹, and 481 cm⁻¹.     -   1.20 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum comprising the         following peaks: 1101 cm⁻¹, 1081 cm⁻¹, 979 cm⁻¹, 722 cm⁻¹, 546         cm⁻¹, and 481 cm⁻¹.     -   1.21 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum comprising one or         more peaks selected from the group consisting of: 1101 cm⁻¹,         1081 cm⁻¹, 979 cm⁻¹, 881 cm⁻¹, 722 cm⁻¹, 546 cm⁻¹, and 481 cm⁻¹.     -   1.22 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Fourier transform infrared spectrum comprising the         following peaks: 1101 cm⁻¹, 1081 cm⁻¹, 979 cm⁻¹, 881 cm⁻¹, 722         cm⁻¹, 546 cm⁻¹, and 481 cm⁻¹.     -   1.23 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Raman spectrum substantially as shown in any of the         P/Sn Raman spectra of FIG. 6.     -   1.24 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a Raman spectrum comprising a peak at 1022 cm⁻¹.     -   1.25 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ³¹P NMR spectrum as shown in any of the NMR spectra         of FIG. 3a, 3b , or 3 c, wherein the NMR spectrum is obtained on         an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O added and is externally         referenced to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0 ppm.     -   1.26 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ³¹P NMR spectrum comprising the following peak: −6         ppm, e.g., −6.3 ppm, e.g., −6.30 ppm, wherein the NMR spectrum         is obtained on an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O added and         is externally referenced to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0 ppm.     -   1.27 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ³¹P NMR spectrum comprising one or more peaks         selected from the group consisting of: −6 ppm, −10 ppm, and −10         ppm (doublet), e.g., −6.3 ppm, −9.8 ppm, −10.2 ppm (doublet),         and −10.3 ppm (doublet), e.g., −6.30 ppm, −9.82 ppm, −10.23 ppm         (doublet), and −10.31 ppm (doublet), wherein the NMR spectrum is         obtained on an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O added and is         externally referenced to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0 ppm.     -   1.28 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ³¹P NMR spectrum comprising the following peaks: −6         ppm, −10 ppm, and −10 ppm (doublet), e.g., −6.3 ppm, −9.8 ppm,         −10.2 ppm (doublet), and −10.3 ppm (doublet), e.g., −6.30 ppm,         −9.82 ppm, −10.23 ppm (doublet), and −10.31 ppm (doublet),         wherein the NMR spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution with         5 weight % D₂O added and is externally referenced to 85% H₃PO₄         set to 0 ppm.     -   1.29 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ³¹P NMR spectrum comprising the following peak: −8         ppm, e.g., −8.3 ppm, e.g., −8.34 ppm, wherein the NMR spectrum         is obtained on an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O added and         is externally referenced to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0 ppm.     -   1.30 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ³¹P NMR spectrum comprising one or more peaks         selected from the group consisting of: −8 ppm, −10 ppm, and −11         ppm, e.g., −8.3 ppm, −9.8 ppm, −10.5 ppm, −10.7 ppm, and −11.1         ppm, e.g., −8.34 ppm, −9.78 ppm, −10.49 ppm, −10.69 ppm, and         -11.09 ppm, wherein the NMR spectrum is obtained on an aqueous         solution with 5 weight % D₂O added and is externally referenced         to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0 ppm.     -   1.31 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ³¹P NMR spectrum comprising the following peaks: −8         ppm, −10 ppm, and −11 ppm, e.g., −8.3 ppm, −9.8 ppm, −10.5 ppm,         −10.7 ppm, and −11.1 ppm, e.g., −8.34 ppm, −9.78 ppm, −10.49         ppm, −10.69 ppm, and −11.09 ppm, wherein the NMR spectrum is         obtained on an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O added and is         externally referenced to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0 ppm.     -   1.32 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ³¹P NMR spectrum comprising one or more peaks         selected from the group consisting of: 2 ppm, −9 ppm, −10 ppm,         −11 ppm, −13 ppm, and −14 ppm, e.g., 2.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm, −9.0 ppm,         −9.3 ppm, −9.7 ppm, −10.4 ppm, −11.2 ppm, −11.4 ppm, −12.8 ppm,         and −14.4 ppm, e.g., 2.10 ppm, 2.22 ppm, −9.03 ppm, −9.31 ppm,         −9.65 ppm, −9.74 ppm, −10.36 ppm, −11.22 ppm, −11.40 ppm, −12.77         ppm, and −14.35 ppm, wherein the NMR spectrum is obtained on an         aqueous solution with 5 weight % 120 added and is externally         referenced to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0 ppm.     -   1.33 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ³¹P NMR spectrum comprising the following peaks: 2         ppm, −9 ppm, −10 ppm, −11 ppm, −13 ppm, and −14 ppm, e.g., 2.1         ppm, 2.2 ppm, −9.0 ppm, −9.3 ppm, −9.7 ppm, −10.4 ppm, −11.2         ppm, −11.4 ppm, −12.8 ppm, and −14.4 ppm, e.g., 2.10 ppm, 2.22         ppm, −9.03 ppm, −9.31 ppm, −9.65 ppm, −9.74 ppm, −10.36 ppm,         −11.22 ppm, −11.40 ppm, −12.77 ppm, and −14.35 ppm, wherein the         NMR spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution with 5 weight %         D₂O added and is externally referenced to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0         ppm.     -   1.34 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectrum as shown in any of the NMR spectra         of FIG. 4a, 4b , or 4 c, wherein the NMR spectrum is obtained on         an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O added and is externally         referenced to saturated SnF₂ in D₂O at −796 ppm.     -   1.35 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectrum comprising the following peak:         −641 ppm, e.g., −640.6 ppm, e.g., −640.63 ppm, wherein the NMR         spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O         added and is externally referenced to saturated SnF₂ at −796         ppm.     -   1.36 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectrum comprising one or more peaks         selected from the group consisting of: −641 ppm, −687 ppm, and         −694 ppm, e.g., −640.6 ppm, −686.6 ppm, and −693.8 ppm, e.g.,         −640.63 ppm, −686.58 ppm, and −693.76 ppm, wherein the NMR         spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O         added and is externally referenced to saturated SnF₂ at −796         ppm.     -   1.37 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectrum comprising the following peaks:         −641 ppm, −687 ppm, and −694 ppm, e.g., −640.6 ppm, −686.6 ppm,         and −693.8 ppm, e.g., −640.63 ppm, −686.58 ppm, and −693.76 ppm,         wherein the NMR spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution with         5 weight % D₂O added and is externally referenced to saturated         SnF₂ in D₂O at −796 ppm.     -   1.38 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectrum comprising the following peak:         −642 ppm, e.g., −642.4 ppm, e.g., −642.35 ppm, wherein the NMR         spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O         added and is externally referenced to saturated SnF₂ at −796         ppm.     -   1.39 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectrum comprising one or more peaks         selected from the group consisting of: −642 ppm, −679 ppm, and         −725 ppm, e.g., −642.4 ppm, −678.8 ppm, and −724.6 ppm, e.g.,         −642.35 ppm, −678.79 ppm, and −724.61 ppm, wherein the NMR         spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution with 5 weight % D₂O         added and is externally referenced to saturated SnF₂ at −796         ppm.     -   1.40 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectrum comprising the following peaks:         −642 ppm, −679 ppm, and −725 ppm, e.g., −642.4 ppm, −678.8 ppm,         and −724.6 ppm, e.g., −642.35 ppm, −678.79 ppm, and −724.61 ppm,         wherein the NMR spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution with         5 weight % D₂O added and is externally referenced to saturated         SnF₂ in D₂O at −796 ppm.     -   1.41 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectrum comprising one or more peaks         selected from the group consisting of: −673 ppm, −686 ppm, −696         ppm, −706 ppm, −735 ppm, −743 ppm, −748 ppm, −755 ppm, −764 ppm,         −767 ppm, −774 ppm, −805 ppm, −813 ppm, and −821 ppm, e.g.,         −673.0 ppm, −686.4 ppm, −696.1 ppm, −705.8 ppm, −734.9 ppm,         −742.9 ppm, −747.9 ppm, −755.0 ppm, −764.4 ppm, −766.7 ppm,         −773.8 ppm, −804.8 ppm, −813.1 ppm, and −821.5 ppm, e.g.,         −672.97 ppm, −686.36 ppm, −696.08 ppm, −705.84 ppm, −734.85 ppm,         −742.85 ppm, −747.93 ppm, −754.99 ppm, −764.39 ppm, −766.74 ppm,         −773.79 ppm, −804.84 ppm, −813.14 ppm, and −821.45 ppm, wherein         the NMR spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution with 5         weight % D₂O added and is externally referenced to saturated         SnF₂ at −796 ppm.     -   1.42 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex         exhibits a ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectrum comprising the following peaks:         −673 ppm, −686 ppm, −696 ppm, −706 ppm, −735 ppm, −743 ppm, −748         ppm, −755 ppm, −764 ppm, −767 ppm, −774 ppm, −805 ppm, −813 ppm,         and −821 ppm, e.g., −673.0 ppm, −686.4 ppm, −696.1 ppm, −705.8         ppm, −734.9 ppm, −742.9 ppm, −747.9 ppm, −755.0 ppm, −764.4 ppm,         −766.7 ppm, −773.8 ppm, −804.8 ppm, −813.1 ppm, and −821.5 ppm,         e.g., −672.97 ppm, −686.36 ppm, −696.08 ppm, −705.84 ppm,         −734.85 ppm, −742.85 ppm, −747.93 ppm, −754.99 ppm, −764.39 ppm,         −766.74 ppm, −773.79 ppm, −804.84 ppm, −813.14 ppm, and −821.45         ppm, wherein the NMR spectrum is obtained on an aqueous solution         with 5 weight % D₂O added and is externally referenced to         saturated SnF₂ in D₂O at −796 ppm.     -   1.43 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex is         [P₂O₇]⁴⁻Na⁺Sn²⁺F⁻.     -   1.44 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex is         isolated.     -   1.45 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex is         lyophilized.     -   1.46 Any of the foregoing complexes, wherein the complex is         isolated with an anti-solvent, e.g., an organic solvent, e.g.,         ethanol.     -   1.47 Any of the foregoing complexes for use in an external         personal care composition, e.g., an antiperspirant, deodorant,         body wash, shower gel, soap (e.g., bar soap, hand soap),         shampoo, hair conditioner, or cosmetic, e.g., an antiperspirant         and/or deodorant comprising the aqueous soluble tin phosphate         complex as described in any of the foregoing, e.g., a body wash         or soap (e.g., hand soap) comprising the aqueous soluble tin         phosphate complex as described in any of the foregoing.     -   1.48 Any of the foregoing complexes for use to occlude pores.     -   1.49 Any of the foregoing complexes for use to reduce sweat.

Further provided is a method (Method 1) to occlude pores and/or reduce sweat, in a person in need thereof comprising applying an effective amount of any of Complex 1 et seq. to the skin of the person.

Further provided is a method (Method 2) of making an aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq., comprising combining tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., an alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP), e.g.,

-   -   2.1 Method 2 comprising combining the tin (II) fluoride and         pyrophosphate salt, e.g., alkali pyrophosphate salt, in an         aqueous solution.     -   2.2 Method 2.1, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH from 5-11,         e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g.,         6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g., 8-9, e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 2.1,         wherein the pyrophosphate salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate         and the aqueous solution has a pH from 5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g.,         5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7,         e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 2.1, wherein the pyrophosphate         salt is tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the aqueous solution has a         pH from 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g.,         6-7, e.g., 8-9.     -   2.3 Any of the foregoing methods comprising combining the         tin (II) fluoride and pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of at         least 1P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn,         e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   2.4 Any of the foregoing methods comprising combining the         tin (II) fluoride and pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of         1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less         than 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn,         e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g.,         15P:1Sn.     -   2.5 Any of the foregoing methods comprising combining 1-10         weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the combination, e.g.,         1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the combination,         e.g., 2 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the combination,         and 1-40 weight % pyrophosphate salt by weight of the         combination, e.g., 1-30 weight % pyrophosphate salt by weight of         the combination, e.g., 1-20 weight % pyrophosphate salt by         weight of the combination, e.g., 1-10 weight % pyrophosphate         salt by weight of the combination.     -   2.6 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the pyrophosphate salt         is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇).     -   2.7 Method 2.6 comprising combining the tin (II) fluoride and         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate in a molar ratio of at least         1P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn,         e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   2.8 Method 2.6 or 2.7 comprising combining 1-10 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the combination, e.g., 1-9 weight         % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the combination, e.g., 2 weight         % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the combination, and 1-40         weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the         combination, e.g., 1-30 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by         weight of the combination, e.g., 1-20 weight % tetrapotassium         pyrophosphate by weight of the combination, e.g., 1-10 weight %         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the combination.     -   2.9 Any of Method 2 or 2.1-2.5, wherein the pyrophosphate salt         is tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇).     -   2.10 Method 2.9 comprising combining the tin (II) fluoride and         tetrasodium pyrophosphate in a molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn,         e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to less than 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn.     -   2.11 Method 2.9 or 2.10 comprising combining 1-10 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the combination, e.g., 1-9 weight         % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the combination, e.g., 2 weight         % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the combination, and 1-30         weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the combination,         e.g., 1-20 weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the         combination, e.g., 1-10 weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by         weight of the combination.     -   2.12 Any of the foregoing methods comprising isolating the         complex in solid form.     -   2.13 Any of the foregoing methods comprising lyophilizing the         complex.     -   2.14 Any of the foregoing methods comprising isolating the         complex with an anti-solvent, e.g., an organic solvent, e.g.,         ethanol.     -   2.15 An external personal care composition, e.g., an         antiperspirant, deodorant, body wash, shower gel, soap (e.g.,         bar soap, hand soap), shampoo, hair conditioner, or cosmetic,         e.g., an antiperspirant and/or deodorant, comprising an aqueous         soluble tin phosphate complex made as described in any of the         foregoing methods, e.g., a body wash or soap (e.g., hand soap)         comprising an aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex made as         described in any of the foregoing methods.

Further provided is an aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex made by any of Method 2 et seq.

Further provided is an external personal care composition (Composition 1), e.g., an antiperspirant, deodorant, body wash, shower gel, soap (e.g., bar soap, hand soap), shampoo, hair conditioner, or cosmetic, comprising tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., an alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇), e.g.,

-   -   1.1 Composition 1 or 1.1, wherein the tin (II) fluoride and         pyrophosphate salt form an aqueous soluble tin phosphate         complex, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq.     -   1.2 Composition 1.1, wherein the complex is formed in the         composition in situ.     -   1.3 Composition 1.1, wherein the complex is formed in situ in an         aqueous solution and combined with the composition.     -   1.4 Any of Composition 1.1 or 1.3, wherein the complex is         combined as a solid with the composition, e.g., wherein the         complex is isolated from the aqueous solution in solid form and         combined with the composition.     -   1.5 Any of Composition 1.1, 1.3, or 1.4, wherein the complex is         lyophilized and combined with the composition.     -   1.6 Any of Composition 1.1 or 1.3-1.5, wherein the complex is         isolated with an anti-solvent, e.g., an organic solvent, e.g.,         ethanol, and combined with the composition.     -   1.7 Any of Composition 1.1-1.6, wherein the complex is made as         described in any of Method 2 et seq.     -   1.8 Any of Composition 1.1-1.7, wherein the complex is present         in an amount of 5-30 weight % by weight of the composition.     -   1.9 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the composition         comprises or wherein the complex is formed from the tin (II)         fluoride and pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of at least         1P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn,         e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   1.10 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the composition         comprises or wherein the complex is formed from the tin (II)         fluoride and pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g.,         15P:1Sn.     -   1.11 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the composition         comprises or wherein the complex is formed from a mixture         comprising 1-10 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the         composition or the mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride         by weight of the composition or the mixture, e.g., 2 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the composition or the mixture,         and 1-40 weight % pyrophosphate salt by weight of the         composition or the mixture, e.g., 1-30 weight % pyrophosphate         salt by weight of the composition or the mixture, e.g., 1-20         weight % pyrophosphate salt by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-10 weight % pyrophosphate salt by weight of the         composition or the mixture.     -   1.12 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the         pyrophosphate salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇).     -   1.13 Composition 1.12, wherein the composition comprises or         wherein the complex is formed from the tin (II) fluoride and         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate in a molar ratio of at least         1P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g.,         5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   1.14 Composition 1.12 or 1.13, wherein the composition comprises         or wherein the complex is formed from a mixture comprising 1-10         weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the         composition or the mixture, e.g., 2 weight % tin (II) fluoride         by weight of the composition or the mixture, and 1-40 weight %         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-30 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by         weight of the composition or the mixture, e.g., 1-20 weight %         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-10 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by         weight of the composition or the mixture.     -   1.15 Any of Composition 1 or 1.1-1.11, wherein the pyrophosphate         salt is tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇).     -   1.16 Composition 1.15, wherein the composition comprises or         wherein the complex is formed from the tin (II) fluoride and         tetrasodium pyrophosphate in a molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to 0P:1Sn,         e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to less than 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P: Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn.     -   1.17 Composition 1.15 or 1.16, wherein the composition comprises         or wherein the complex is formed from a mixture comprising 1-10         weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the         composition or the mixture, e.g., 2 weight % tin (II) fluoride         by weight of the composition or the mixture, and 1-30 weight %         tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-20 weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight         of the composition or the mixture, e.g., 1-10 weight %         tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition or the         mixture.     -   1.18 Any of the foregoing compositions further comprising         another antiperspirant salt comprising a polyvalent cation,         e.g., antiperspirant complexes of (i) aluminum and optionally         zirconium, (ii) chlorohydrate, and (iii) optionally an amino         acid and/or ammonium acid, for example glycine and/or         trimethylglycine, e.g., aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex         glycine. The complex may enhance the efficacy of the other         antiperspirant salt.     -   1.19 Any of Composition 1 or 1.1-1.17, wherein the composition         is entirely or substantially free of aluminum and optionally         zirconium. For example, the compositions may include less than 2         weight % by weight of the composition, or less than 0.5 weight %         by weight of the composition, or less than 0.1 weight % by         weight of the composition, or less than 0.01 weight % by weight         of the composition, or less than 0.001 weight % by weight of the         composition, or less than 0.0001 weight % by weight of the         composition, aluminum or zirconium.     -   1.20 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the composition         comprises an aqueous solution.     -   1.21 Any of the foregoing compositions further comprising 60-85         weight % water by weight of the composition.     -   1.22 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the composition         has a pH from 5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7,         e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8 e.g., 6-7, e.g., 8-9, e.g., 9-10, e.g.,         10-11.     -   1.23 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the         pyrophosphate salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and the         composition has a pH from 5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g.,         5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g., 9-10,         e.g., 10-11.     -   1.24 Any of Composition 1 or 1.1-1.22, wherein the pyrophosphate         salt is tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the composition has a pH         from 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7.         e.g., 8-9.     -   1.25 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the composition         is an antiperspirant.     -   1.26 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the composition         is a deodorant.     -   1.27 Any of the foregoing compositions, wherein the composition         is a body wash or soap (e.g., hand soap).     -   1.28 Any of the foregoing compositions for use to occlude pores.     -   1.29 Any of the foregoing compositions for use to reduce sweat.

Further provided is a method (Method 3) to occlude pores and/or reduce sweat, in a person in need thereof comprising applying an effective amount of an external personal care composition comprising tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., an alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP), e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq., to the skin of the person, e.g.,

-   -   3.1 Method 3, wherein the tin (II) fluoride and pyrophosphate         salt, e.g., alkali pyrophosphate salt, form an aqueous soluble         tin phosphate complex, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq.     -   3.2 Method 3.1, wherein the complex is formed in situ in the         composition, e.g., wherein the composition has a pH from 5-1,         e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g.,         6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g., 8-9, e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 3.1,         wherein the pyrophosphate salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate         and the composition has a pH from 5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9,         e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g.,         9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 3.1, wherein the pyrophosphate salt is         tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the composition has a pH from 5-9,         e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g.,         8-9.     -   3.3 Method 3.1, wherein the complex is formed in situ in an         aqueous solution and combined with the composition, e.g.,         wherein the aqueous solution has a pH from 5-11, e.g., 5-10,         e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g.,         6-7, e.g., 8-9, e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 3.1, wherein the         pyrophosphate salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and the         aqueous solution has a pH from 5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9,         e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g.,         9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 3.1, wherein the pyrophosphate salt is         tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the aqueous solution has a pH from         5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7,         e.g., 8-9.     -   3.4 Method 3.1 or 3.3, wherein the complex is combined as a         solid with the composition, e.g., wherein the complex is         isolated from the aqueous solution in solid form and combined         with the composition.     -   3.5 Any of Method 3.1, 3.3, or 3.4, wherein the complex is         lyophilized and combined with the composition.     -   3.6 Any of Method 3.1 or 3.3-3.5, wherein the complex is         isolated with an anti-solvent, e.g., an organic solvent, e.g.,         ethanol, and combined with the composition.     -   3.7 Any of Method 3.1-3.6, wherein the complex is made as         described in any of Method 2 et seq.     -   3.8 Any of Method 3.1-3.7, wherein the complex is present in an         amount of 5-30 weight % by weight of the composition.     -   3.9 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the composition         comprises or wherein the complex is formed from the tin (II)         fluoride and pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of at least         1P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn,         e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   3.10 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the composition         comprises or wherein the complex is formed from the tin (II)         fluoride and pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g.,         15P:1Sn.     -   3.11 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the composition         comprises or wherein the complex is formed from a mixture         comprising 1-10 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the         composition or the mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride         by weight of the composition or the mixture, e.g., 2 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the composition or the mixture,         and 1-10 weight % pyrophosphate salt by weight of the         composition or the mixture, e.g., 3-4 weight % pyrophosphate         salt by weight of the composition or the mixture, e.g., 7-8         weight % pyrophosphate salt by weight of the composition or the         mixture.     -   3.12 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the pyrophosphate         salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate.     -   3.13 Method 3.12, wherein the composition comprises or wherein         the complex is formed from the tin (II) fluoride and         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate in a molar ratio of at least         1P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn,         e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P: 1 Sn.     -   3.14 Method 3.12 or 3.13, wherein the composition comprises or         wherein the complex is formed from a mixture comprising 1-10         weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the         composition or the mixture, e.g., 2 weight % tin (II) fluoride         by weight of the composition or the mixture, and 1-40 weight %         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-30 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by         weight of the composition or the mixture, e.g., 1-20 weight %         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-10 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by         weight of the composition or the mixture.     -   3.15 Any of Method 3 or 3.1-3.11, wherein the pyrophosphate salt         is tetrasodium pyrophosphate.     -   3.16 Method 3.15, wherein the composition comprises or wherein         the complex is formed from the tin (II) fluoride and tetrasodium         pyrophosphate in a molar ratio of 1P:1 Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to less than 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn to less than 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g.,         1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn.     -   3.17 Method 3.15 or 3.16, wherein the composition comprises or         wherein the complex is formed from a mixture comprising 1-10         weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the         composition or the mixture, e.g., 2 weight % tin (II) fluoride         by weight of the composition or the mixture, and 1-30 weight %         tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition or the         mixture, e.g., 1-20 weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight         of the composition or the mixture, e.g., 1-10 weight %         tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition or the         mixture.     -   3.18 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the composition         further comprises another antiperspirant salt comprising a         polyvalent cation, e.g., antiperspirant complexes of (i)         aluminum and optionally zirconium, (ii) chlorohydrate, and (iii)         optionally an amino acid and/or ammonium acid, for example         glycine and/or trimethylglycine, e.g., aluminum zirconium         tetrachlorohydrex glycine. The complex may enhance the efficacy         of the other antiperspirant salt.     -   3.19 Any of Method 3 or 3.1-3.17, wherein the composition is         entirely or substantially free of aluminum and optionally         zirconium. For example, the compositions may include less than 2         weight % by weight of the composition, or less than 0.5 weight %         by weight of the composition, or less than 0.1 weight % by         weight of the composition, or less than 0.01 weight % by weight         of the composition, or less than 0.001 weight % by weight of the         composition, or less than 0.0001 weight % by weight of the         composition, aluminum or zirconium.     -   3.20 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the composition         comprises an aqueous solution.     -   3.21 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the composition         further comprises 60-85 weight % water by weight of the         composition.     -   3.22 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the pH of the         composition is from 5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-6,         e.g., 6-7, e.g., 8-9, e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11.     -   3.23 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the pyrophosphate         salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and the composition has a         pH from 5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-7, e.g.,         9-10, e.g., 10-11.     -   3.24 Any of Method 3 or 3.1-3.22, wherein the pyrophosphate salt         is tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the composition has a pH from         5-9, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-7, e.g., 8-9.     -   3.25 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the method is to         occlude pores.     -   3.26 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the method is to         reduce sweat.     -   3.27 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the composition is         any of Composition 1 et seq.     -   3.28 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the composition is an         antiperspirant.     -   3.29 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the composition is a         deodorant.

Further provided is a method (Method 4) of making an external personal care composition comprising tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₁P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP), e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq., comprising mixing the tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., an alkali pyrophosphate salt, with a personal care carrier, e.g.,

-   -   4.1 Method 4, wherein the tin (II) fluoride and pyrophosphate         salt, e.g., alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium         pyrophosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate, form an aqueous         soluble tin phosphate complex, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq.     -   4.2 Method 4.1, wherein the complex is formed in situ in the         composition, e.g., wherein the composition has a pH from 5-11,         e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g.,         6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g., 8-9, e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 4.1,         wherein the pyrophosphate salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate         and the composition has a pH from 5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g., 5-9,         e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g.,         9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 4.1, wherein the pyrophosphate salt is         tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the composition has a pH from 5-9,         e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7, e.g.,         8-9.     -   4.3 Method 4.1, wherein the complex is formed in situ in an         aqueous solution and combined with the personal care carrier,         e.g., wherein the aqueous solution has a pH from 5-11, e.g.,         5-10, e.g., 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8,         e.g., 6-7, e.g., 8-9, e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 4.1,         wherein the pyrophosphate salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate         and the aqueous solution has a pH from 5-11, e.g., 5-10, e.g.,         5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g., 6-7,         e.g., 9-10, e.g., 10-11. Method 4.1, wherein the pyrophosphate         salt is tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the aqueous solution has a         pH from 5-9, e.g., 5-8, e.g., 5-7, e.g., 5-6, e.g., 6-8, e.g.,         6-7, e.g., 8-9.     -   4.4 Method 4.1 or 4.3, wherein the complex is combined as a         solid with the personal care carrier, e.g., wherein the complex         is isolated from the aqueous solution in solid form and combined         with the personal care carrier, e.g., an antiperspirant and/or         deodorant carrier, e.g., an antiperspirant carrier, e.g., a         deodorant carrier.     -   4.5 Any of Method 4.1, 4.3, or 4.4, wherein the complex is         lyophilized and combined with the personal care carrier, e.g.,         an antiperspirant and/or deodorant carrier, e.g., an         antiperspirant carrier, e.g., a deodorant carrier.     -   4.6 Any of Method 4.1 or 4.3-4.5, wherein the complex is         isolated with an anti-solvent, e.g., an organic solvent, e.g.,         ethanol, and combined with the personal care carrier, e.g., an         antiperspirant and/or deodorant carrier, e.g., an antiperspirant         carrier, e.g., a deodorant carrier.     -   4.7 Any of Method 4.1-4.6, wherein the complex is made as         described in any of Method 2 et seq.     -   4.8 Any of Method 4.1-4.7, wherein the complex is present in an         amount of 5-30 weight % by weight of the composition.     -   4.9 Any of the foregoing methods comprising mixing the tin (II)         fluoride and pyrophosphate salt, e.g., alkali pyrophosphate         salt, in a molar ratio of at least 1P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to         2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn, e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn,         e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   4.10 Any of the foregoing methods comprising mixing the tin (II)         fluoride and pyrophosphate salt, e.g., alkali pyrophosphate         salt, in a molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 0P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn,         e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   4.11 Any of the foregoing methods comprising mixing 1-10 weight         % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the mixture, e.g., 2 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the mixture, and 1-10 weight %         pyrophosphate salt, e.g., alkali pyrophosphate salt, by weight         of the mixture, e.g., 3-4 weight % pyrophosphate salt, e.g.,         alkali pyrophosphate salt, by weight of the mixture, e.g., 7-8         weight % pyrophosphate salt, e.g., alkali pyrophosphate salt, by         weight of the mixture.     -   4.12 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the pyrophosphate         salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate.     -   4.13 Method 4.12 comprising mixing the tin (II) fluoride and         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of at least         1P:1Sn, e.g., P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         15P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to 2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn,         e.g., 5P:1Sn, e.g., 10P:1Sn, e.g., 15P:1Sn.     -   4.14 Method 4.12 or 4.13 comprising mixing 1-10 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the mixture, e.g., 2 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the mixture, and 1-40 weight %         tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the mixture, e.g.,         1-30 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the         mixture, e.g., 1-20 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by         weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-10 weight % tetrapotassium         pyrophosphate by weight of the mixture.     -   4.15 Any of Method 4 or 4.1-4.11, wherein the pyrophosphate salt         is tetrasodium pyrophosphate.     -   4.16 Method 4.15 comprising mixing the tin (II) fluoride and         tetrasodium pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to         10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 10P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to         5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to less than 5P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn to         2P:1Sn, e.g., 1P:1Sn, e.g., 2P:1Sn. e.g., 5P:1Sn.     -   4.17 Method 4.15 or 4.16 comprising mixing 1-10 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-9 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the mixture, e.g., 2 weight %         tin (II) fluoride by weight of the mixture, and 1-30 weight %         tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the mixture, e.g., 1-20         weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the mixture,         e.g., 1-10 weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the         mixture.     -   4.18 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the personal care         carrier is an antiperspirant carrier.     -   4.19 Any of the foregoing methods, wherein the personal care         carrier is a deodorant carrier.

Tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., an alkali pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP), may be combined to form a pre-formed aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq., which may be prepared in bulk, and then incorporated into the external personal care compositions disclosed herein, e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq. Alternatively, tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt, e.g., tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇) (TKPP) or tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) (TSPP), may be combined during the manufacture of the external personal care compositions disclosed herein, e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq., to form the complex in situ in the composition.

For antiperspirant and/or deodorants, the carrier can be any carrier that is used for antiperspirants and/or deodorants. The carrier can be in the form of a stick, a gel, a roll-on, or an aerosol (e.g. spray). For stick compositions, the carrier may include oils and/or silicones and gelling agents.

Optional ingredients that may be included in an antiperspirant and/or deodorant disclosed herein, e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq., include solvents; water-soluble alcohols such as C₂₋₈ alcohols; glycols; glycerides including mono-, di- and triglycerides; medium to long chain organic acids, alcohols, and esters; surfactants including emulsifying and dispersing agents; amino acids; structurants including thickeners and gelling agents, for example polymers, silicates, and silicon dioxide; emollients; fragrances; and colorants including dyes and pigments.

The complexes disclosed herein, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq., can be formulated into topical antiperspirants and/or deodorants suitable for application to skin, illustratively a stick, a gel, a cream, a roll-on, a soft solid, a powder, a liquid, an emulsion, a suspension, a dispersion, or a spray. The compositions disclosed herein, e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq., can comprise a single phase or can be a multi-phase system, for example a system comprising a polar phase and an oil phase, optionally in the form of a stable emulsion. The compositions disclosed herein, e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq., can be liquid, semi-solid, or solid. Antiperspirants and/or deodorants may be provided in any suitable container such as an aerosol can, tube, or container with a porous cap, roll-on container, bottle, container with an open end, etc.

The complexes disclosed herein, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq., can be formulated into body washes and soaps (e.g., hand soaps).

The complexes and compositions disclosed herein, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq., e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq., may be destructive to or inhibit the growth of bacteria. For instance, the complexes disclosed herein, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq., may act as a preservative system. In addition, the formation of precipitate of the complexes and compositions disclosed herein, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq., e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq., may provide a residual antibacterial effect.

The complexes and compositions disclosed herein, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq., e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq., may be used in a method to reduce sweating by applying the complex and/or composition to skin. In certain embodiments, the application is to axilla. Thus, provided is a method for controlling perspiration comprising applying to skin an antiperspirant effective amount of a complex or a composition disclosed herein, e.g., any of Complex 1 et seq., e.g., any of Composition 1 et seq.

A complex disclosed herein may be described by reference to a spectrum as “substantially” shown or depicted in a figure or by one or more data points. It will be appreciated that a Fourier transform infrared, Raman, or NMR spectrum of a given sample may vary depending on factors known to those of skill in the art, e.g., instrument used, etc. Therefore, the Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and NMR spectrum peaks set forth herein will have an acceptable level of deviation. For example, for Fourier transform infrared spectra, the peaks may have an acceptable deviation of e.g., ±20 cm⁻¹ or ±16 cm⁻¹ or ±4 cm⁻¹ or ±2 cm⁻¹ or ±1 cm⁻¹ or ±0.5 cm⁻¹. For example, for Raman spectra, the peaks may have an acceptable deviation of, e.g., ±1-2 cm⁻¹, e.g., ±1 cm⁻¹, e.g., ±2 cm⁻¹. For example, for NMR spectra, the peaks may have an acceptable deviation of, e.g., ±1 ppm.

As used herein, “external” means suitable for application to the skin, including the scalp, and nails.

As used herein, “aqueous solution” means a solution in which the solvent is water.

As used herein, “aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex” includes a complex in which 1 gram of the complex is soluble in 1 or 10 to 100 ml water, e.g., 1 or 10 to 90 ml water, e.g., 1 or 10 to 80 ml water, e.g., 1 or 10 to 70 ml water, e.g., 1 or 10 to 60 ml water, e.g., 1 or 10 to 50 ml water, e.g., 1 or 10 to 40 ml water, e.g., 1 or 10 to 30 ml water, e.g., 1 or 10 to 20 ml water, e.g., 1-10 ml water, e.g., less than 1 ml water.

EXAMPLES Example 1

TABLE 1 Stannous Fluoride Stock Solution Preparation % SnF₂ SnF₂ (g) Total (g) 20 4 20

TABLE 2 Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) Solution Preparation P:Sn Molar Ratio TSPP (g) SnF₂ Sol (g) Total (g) pH 0.5 0.08 1 10 1 0.2 1 10 5.5 2 0.3 1 10 6.6 5 0.8 1 10 8.8 10 1.7 1 10

TABLE 3 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) Solution Preparation P:Sn Molar Ratio TKPP (g) SnF₂ Sol (g) Total (g) pH 0.5 0.1 1 10 1 0.2 1 10 5.6 2 0.4 1 10 6.8 5 1.1 1 10 9.3 10 2.1 I 10 10.0 15 3.2 1 10 10.4

The solutions are prepared by first dissolving TSPP or TKPP in water (mixing under high heat if necessary) and then adding a 20% stannous fluoride solution to the clear solution with an automatic pipet. The pH of all clear solutions is recorded. All of the solutions contain 2% SnF₂.

With TSPP, clear solutions are observed for solutions with P/Sn molar ratios of 1, 2, and 5. At molar ratios 10 and greater, TSPP does not fully dissolve.

With TKPP, clear solutions are observed for all tested P/Sn molar ratios greater than or equal to 1. TKPP is more water soluble than TSPP.

Solutions are aged overnight at room temperature. A 2% stannous fluoride solution is used as a control, which shows precipitate almost immediately after dissolution. After overnight aging, TSPP solutions with a P/Sn molar ratio spanning from 1 to 5 remain clear. After overnight aging, TKPP solutions with a P/Sn molar ratio spanning from 1 to 15 remain clear.

All stable solutions remain stable after 4 weeks of aging at room temperature.

Example 2

TABLE 4 Preparation of 1% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Solutions Amount of Amount of Sample BSA (g) Total Solution (g) TSPP 1Sn:1P solution 0.03 3 TSPP 1Sn:2P solution 0.03 3 TSPP 1Sn:5P solution 0.03 3 TKPP 1Sn:1P solution 0.03 3 TKPP 1Sn:2P solution 0.03 3 TKPP 1Sn:5P solution 0.03 3 TKPP 1Sn:10P solution 0.03 3 TKPP 1Sn:15P solution 0.03 3 Control:1% BSA in D1 water 0.03 3

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) simulates sweat proteins and may reveal the benefit of the complex in antiperspirants, as the formation of precipitate may block sweat ducts.

Aging of the BSA Solutions

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used to model interaction of solutions with skin protein. Clear TSPP and TKPP solutions are aged at 37° C. overnight after the addition of 1% BSA.

All three solutions of SnF₂+TSPP (P/Sn molar ratios of 1, 2, and 5) with 1% BSA form a precipitate after aging overnight at 37° C.

Solutions of SnF₂+TKPP with P/Sn molar ratios of 1, 2, 5, and 10 with 1% BSA form a precipitate after aging overnight at 37° C. The solution with a P/Sn molar ratio of 15 fails to completely dissolve the BSA, and no change is observed overnight.

A 1% BSA control after aging overnight at room temperature shows no precipitate. A 1% BSA control after aging overnight at 37° C. shows no precipitate.

Example 3

A clear solution comprising 2% stannous fluoride (SnF₂) and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) with a P:Sn molar ratio of 1 is lyophilized using a Labconco FreeZone 2.5 Freeze Dryer. FTIR-ATR analysis is conducted on freeze dried powder on an extended range Spectrum One Perkin Elmer system featuring a CsI beam splitter, DTGS detector, and single-bounce diamond KRS-5 ATR crystal. Sample is placed directly on the ATR diamond. See FIG. 1. Peaks observed for the Sn-TSPP complex are listed in Table 5 (broad peaks from water/ethanol at about 1640 and 3200 cm⁻¹ are omitted from peak table).

TABLE 5 Wavenumber Absorbance (cm⁻¹) (A) 481 0.6901 546 0.9997 722 0.3353 881 0.7443 979 0.4082 1081 0.5859 1101 0.5938

Ethanol is added dropwise to a clear solution comprising 2% stannous fluoride (SnF₂) and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) with a P:Sn molar ratio of 1 until precipitate forms. Solid is filtered and air dried. FTIR-ATR analysis is conducted on solid on an extended range Spectrum One Perkin Elmer system featuring a CsI beam splitter, DTGS detector, and single-bounce diamond KRS-5 ATR crystal. Sample is placed directly on the ATR diamond. See FIG. 2. An FTIR-ATR for solid SnF₂ is in FIG. 5.

FTIR-ATR analysis may be conducted on about 10-100 mg of solid.

Example 4

Solutions of 2% SnF₂ and TSPP in water with P/Sn molar ratios of 1, 2, and 5 are prepared. The solutions are analyzed as-prepared on an Agiltron PeakSeeker Raman System equipped with a fiber optic probe designed for liquid samples. The spectra, obtained in 30 second integration times, is compared to that of scintillation vials containing deionized water as a blank using RSIQ software. Raman spectra for the solutions are shown in FIG. 6 and peaks are listed in Table 6 (below).

TABLE 6 Raman Shift Sample (cm⁻¹) P/Sn 1 None P/Sn 2 1022 P/Sn 5 1022

Example 5

A 2% SnF₂ solution with TSPP at a P:Sn molar ratio of 1 is prepared in a 50 mL centrifuge vial according to the following: 0.8 g SnF₂, 0.5 g TSPP, 40 g total (with H₂O). Vortex and sonicate until solution is clear. Roughly 32.5 mL is left in the centrifuge vial while the rest is transferred to a scintillation vial. To the 32.5 mL, 18 g 100% EtOH is added, yielding an opaque solution that settles a white precipitate to the bottom. The solution becomes opaque once >13.58 g EtOH is added. The sample is left overnight at room temperature. The solid is centrifuged, decanted, and washed with EtOH.

Elemental analysis of the solid is obtained providing a P:Sn:Na molar ratio. Fluoride is calculated based on charge neutrality (assuming Sn remains in +2 oxidation state). Prior to analysis, the solid is dissolved in nitric acid. Phosphorous is quantified via ICP-OES, while Na and Sn are quantified using AAS.

TABLE 7 Results: 1 pyrophosphate⁴⁻ (P₂O₇ ⁴⁻):1 Na⁺:2 Su²⁺:1 F⁻ % mmol Mol Ratio Phosphorus 12.30 3.97 2 Sodium 4.64 2.02 1 Tin 47.54 4.00 2

Example 6

Solutions of 2% SnF₂ and TSPP in water with P/Sn molar ratios of 1, 2, and 5 are prepared. 5 weight % D₂O is added to the solutions. ³¹P and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR are acquired on a Bruker AVANCE 500 spectrometer working at 202.4 MHz for ³¹P NMR and 163.5 MHz for ¹¹⁹Sn NMR at room temperature. ³¹P NMR are externally referenced to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0 ppm. ¹¹⁹Sn NMR are externally referenced to saturated SnF₂ in D₂O at −796 ppm prepared right before measurement. FIGS. 3a, 3b, and 3c depict ³¹P NMR spectra of solutions with P:Sn molar ratios of 5 (FIG. 3a ), 2 (FIG. 3b ), and 1 (FIG. 3c ). FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c depict ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectra of solutions with P:Sn molar ratios of 5 (FIG. 4a ), 2 (FIG. 4b ), and 1 (FIG. 4c ). ³¹P NMR peaks are listed in Table 8 and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR peaks are listed in Table 9. A ³¹P NMR spectrum of a solution of TSPP in water with 5 weight % D₂O added and externally referenced to 85% H₃PO₄ set to 0 ppm is in FIG. 7.

TABLE 8 P/Sn Molar Ratio ³¹P Chemical Shift (ppm) SnF₂-TSPP 5 −6.30 −9.82 −10.23 (doublet) −10.31 (doublet) SnF₂-TSPP 2 −8.34 −9.78 −10.49 −10.69 −11.09 SnF₂-TSPP 1 2.10 2.22 −9.03 −9.31 −9.65 −9.74 −10.36 −11.22 −11.40 −12.77 −14.35

TABLE 9 P/Sn Molar Ratio ¹¹⁹Sn Chemical Shift (ppm) SnF₂-TSPP 5 −640.43 −686.58 −693.76 SnF₂-TSPP 2 −642.35 −678.79 −724.61 SnF₂-TSPP 1 −672.97 −686.36 −696.08 −705.84 −734.85 −742.85 −747.93 −754.99 −764.39 −766.74 −773.79 −804.84 −813.14 −821.45

Example 7

A roll-on antiperspirant comprising the aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex as disclosed herein can be formulated as described in Table 10 (below).

TABLE 10 Material Weight Percent Aqueous 5-30% soluble tin phosphate complex Surfactant(s) 1-30%, e.g., 5% Emollient(s) 1-10%, e.g, 2% Silicone(s) 1-10%, e.g., 2% Fragrance(s) 0.5-5%, e.g., 1% Water Q.S.

Example 8

TABLE 11 Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) Solution Preparation Solution Preparation (TSPP in 3% SnCl₂•2H₂O) P:Sn Molar Ratio TSPP (g) SnCl₂•2H₂O (g) Total (g) 0.5 0.2 0.6 20 1 0.3 0.6 20 2 0.7 0.6 20 5 1.7 0.6 20 10 TSPP not soluble

Solutions are prepared by dissolving TSPP in deionized water (mixing under heat if necessary) and then adding 0.6 g of SnCl₂.2H₂O to make 20-gram solutions.

The solutions with a P/Sn molar ratio spanning from 0.5 to 5 containing 3% SnCl₂.2H₂O are aged overnight at room temperature. A 3% SnCl₂.2H₂O solution is used as a control. The control, 0.5:1, and 1:1 solutions each form a cloudy precipitate that settles after aging overnight. The 2:1 and 5:1 solutions form crystals immediately after the addition of SnCl₂.2H₂O. The crystals dissolve after aging for one week.

Example 9

TABLE 12 Tetraspotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) Solution Preparation Solution Preparation (TKPP in 3% SnCl₂•2H₂O) P:Sn Molar Ratio TKPP (g) SnCl₂•2H₂O (g) Total (g) 0.5 0.2 0.6 20 1 0.4 0.6 20 2 0.8 0.6 20 5 2.1 0.6 20 10 4.2 0.6 20 15 6.3 0.6 20

Solutions are prepared by dissolving TKPP in deionized water (mixing under heat if necessary) and then adding 0.6 g SnCl₂.2H₂O to make 20-g solutions.

The solutions with a P/Sn molar ratio spanning from 0.5 to 5 containing 3% SnCl₂.2H₂O are aged overnight at room temperature. A 3% SnCl₂.2H₂O solution is used as a control. The control, 0.5:1, and 1:1 solutions each form a cloudy precipitate that settles after aging overnight. The 2:1 solution forms a precipitate that settles immediately. The 5:1, 10:1, and 15:1 solutions are mostly clear with a small amount (decreasing as phosphate amount increases) of precipitate at the bottom of each vial. The amount of precipitate decreases after aging, but the precipitate never fully dissolves. 

1. An external personal care composition comprising tin (II) fluoride and a pyrophosphate salt.
 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the tin (II) fluoride and pyrophosphate salt form an aqueous soluble tin phosphate complex.
 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the complex is formed in the composition in situ.
 4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the complex is formed in situ in an aqueous solution and combined with the composition.
 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the complex is isolated from the aqueous solution in solid form and combined with the composition.
 6. The composition of claim 2, wherein the complex is lyophilized and combined with the composition.
 7. The composition of claim 2, wherein the complex is isolated with an anti-solvent and combined with the composition.
 8. The composition of claim 2, wherein the complex is present in an amount of 5 to 30 weight % by weight of the composition.
 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the tin (II) fluoride and pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of at least 1P:1Sn.
 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the tin (II) fluoride and pyrophosphate salt in a molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn.
 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 1 to 10 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the composition and 1 to 40 weight % pyrophosphate salt by weight of the composition.
 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the pyrophosphate salt is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (K₄P₂O₇).
 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the composition comprises the tin (II) fluoride and tetrapotassium pyrophosphate in a molar ratio of at least 1P:1Sn.
 14. The composition of claim 12, wherein the composition comprises the tin (II) fluoride and tetrapotassium pyrophosphate in a molar ratio of 1P:1Sn to 15P:1Sn.
 15. The composition of claim 12, wherein the composition comprises 1 to 10 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the composition and 1 to 40 weight % tetrapotassium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition.
 16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the pyrophosphate salt is tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇).
 17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the composition comprises the tin (II) fluoride and tetrasodium pyrophosphate in a molar ratio of 1P:1 Sn to 5P:1Sn.
 18. The composition of claim 16, wherein the composition comprises 1 to 10 weight % tin (II) fluoride by weight of the composition and 1 to 30 weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate by weight of the composition.
 19. The composition of claim 16, wherein the tin (II) fluoride and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇) form a complex having the formula [P₂O₇]⁴⁻Na⁺Sn²⁺F⁻.
 20. The composition of claim 1 further comprising another antiperspirant salt comprising a polyvalent cation.
 21. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is entirely or substantially free of aluminum and optionally zirconium.
 22. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises an aqueous solution.
 23. The composition of claim 1, further comprising 60 to 85 wt % water.
 24. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is an antiperspirant.
 25. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a deodorant.
 26. The composition of claim 1 for use to occlude pores.
 27. The composition of claim 1 for use to reduce sweat.
 28. A method to occlude pores and/or reduce sweat in a person in need thereof comprising applying an effective amount of an external personal care composition as claimed in claim 1 to the skin of the person. 